GSP016

Overview

In this lab you will learn how to perform basic networking tasks on Google Cloud (including Compute Engine instances) and how Google Cloud might differ from an on-premises setup. You'll develop a network and 3 subnetworks, resulting in this end-state environment:

Finally, you'll learn how to create firewall rules and use instance tags to apply the firewall rules.

What you'll learn

• Basics concepts and constructs of Google Cloud networking
• How default and user-created networks are configured.
• How to create firewall rules, and use instance tags to apply firewall rules

Setup and requirements

Before you click the Start Lab button

Read these instructions. Labs are timed and you cannot pause them. The timer, which starts when you click Start Lab, shows how long Google Cloud resources will be made available to you.

This hands-on lab lets you do the lab activities yourself in a real cloud environment, not in a simulation or demo environment. It does so by giving you new, temporary credentials that you use to sign in and access Google Cloud for the duration of the lab.

To complete this lab, you need:

• Access to a standard internet browser (Chrome browser recommended).

Note: Use an Incognito or private browser window to run this lab. This prevents any conflicts between your personal account and the Student account, which may cause extra charges incurred to your personal account.

• Time to complete the lab---remember, once you start, you cannot pause a lab.

Note: If you already have your own personal Google Cloud account or project, do not use it for this lab to avoid extra charges to your account.

How to start your lab and sign in to the Google Cloud console

1. Click the Start Lab button. If you need to pay for the lab, a pop-up opens for you to select your payment method. On the left is the Lab Details panel with the following:

   • The Open Google Cloud console button
   • Time remaining
   • The temporary credentials that you must use for this lab
   • Other information, if needed, to step through this lab

2. Click Open Google Cloud console (or right-click and select Open Link in Incognito Window if you are running the Chrome browser).

   The lab spins up resources, and then opens another tab that shows the Sign in page.

   Tip: Arrange the tabs in separate windows, side-by-side.

   Note: If you see the Choose an account dialog, click Use Another Account.

3. If necessary, copy the Username below and paste it into the Sign in dialog.

   {{{user_0.username | "Username"}}}

   You can also find the Username in the Lab Details panel.

4. Click Next.

5. Copy the Password below and paste it into the Welcome dialog.

   {{{user_0.password | "Password"}}}

   You can also find the Password in the Lab Details panel.

6. Click Next.

   Important: You must use the credentials the lab provides you. Do not use your Google Cloud account credentials. Note: Using your own Google Cloud account for this lab may incur extra charges.

7. Click through the subsequent pages:

   • Accept the terms and conditions.
   • Do not add recovery options or two-factor authentication (because this is a temporary account).
   • Do not sign up for free trials.

After a few moments, the Google Cloud console opens in this tab.

Note: To view a menu with a list of Google Cloud products and services, click the Navigation menu at the top-left.

Activate Cloud Shell

Cloud Shell is a virtual machine that is loaded with development tools. It offers a persistent 5GB home directory and runs on the Google Cloud. Cloud Shell provides command-line access to your Google Cloud resources.

1. Click Activate Cloud Shell at the top of the Google Cloud console.

When you are connected, you are already authenticated, and the project is set to your Project_ID, . The output contains a line that declares the Project_ID for this session:

Your Cloud Platform project in this session is set to {{{project_0.project_id | "PROJECT_ID"}}}

gcloud is the command-line tool for Google Cloud. It comes pre-installed on Cloud Shell and supports tab-completion.

2. (Optional) You can list the active account name with this command:

gcloud auth list

3. Click Authorize.

Output:

ACTIVE: * ACCOUNT: {{{user_0.username | "ACCOUNT"}}} To set the active account, run: $ gcloud config set account `ACCOUNT`

4. (Optional) You can list the project ID with this command:

gcloud config list project

Output:

[core] project = {{{project_0.project_id | "PROJECT_ID"}}} Note: For full documentation of gcloud, in Google Cloud, refer to the gcloud CLI overview guide.

Understanding Regions and Zones

Certain Compute Engine resources live in regions or zones. A region is a specific geographical location where you can run your resources. Each region has one or more zones. For example, the us-central1 region denotes a region in the Central United States that has zones us-central1-a, us-central1-b, us-central1-c, and us-central1-f.

Regions	Zones
Western US	us-west1-a, us-west1-b
Central US	us-central1-a, us-central1-b, us-central1-d, us-central1-f
Eastern US	us-east1-b, us-east1-c, us-east1-d
Western Europe	europe-west1-b, europe-west1-c, europe-west1-d
Eastern Asia	asia-east1-a, asia-east1-b, asia-east1-c

Resources that live in a zone are referred to as zonal resources. Virtual machine Instances and persistent disks live in a zone. To attach a persistent disk to a virtual machine instance, both resources must be in the same zone. Similarly, if you want to assign a static IP address to an instance, the instance must be in the same region as the static IP.

Learn more about regions and zones and see a complete list in the Compute Engine page, Regions and zones documentation).

Google Cloud Network Concepts

In Google Cloud Platform, networks provide data connections into and out of your cloud resources (mostly Compute Engine instances). Securing your Networks is critical to securing your data and controlling access to your resources.

Google Cloud Platform supports Projects, Networks, and Subnetworks to provide flexible, logical isolation of unrelated resources.

Projects are the outermost container and are used to group resources that share the same trust boundary. Many developers map Projects to teams since each Project has its own access policy (IAM) and member list. Projects also serve as a collector of billing and quota details reflecting resource consumption. Projects contain Networks which contain Subnetworks, Firewall rules, and Routes (see below architecture diagrams for illustration).

Networks directly connect your resources to each other and to the outside world. Networks, using Firewalls, also house the access policies for incoming and outgoing connections. Networks can be Global (offering horizontal scalability across multiple Regions) or Regional (offering low-latency within a single Region).

Subnetworks allow you to group related resources (Compute Engine instances) into RFC1918 private address spaces. Subnetworks can only be Regional. A subnetwork can be in auto mode or custom mode.

• An auto mode network has one subnet per region, each with a predetermined IP range and gateway. These subnets are created automatically when you create the auto mode network, and each subnet has the same name as the overall network.
• A custom mode network has no subnets at creation. In order to create an instance in a custom mode network, you must first create a subnetwork in that region and specify its IP range. A custom mode network can have zero, one, or many subnets per region.

Set your region and zone

Certain Compute Engine resources live in regions and zones. A region is a specific geographical location where you can run your resources. Each region has one or more zones.

Run the following gcloud commands in Cloud Shell to set the default region and zone for your lab:

gcloud config set compute/zone "{{{project_0.default_zone | Zone}}}" export ZONE=$(gcloud config get compute/zone) gcloud config set compute/region "{{{project_0.default_region | Region}}}" export REGION=$(gcloud config get compute/region)

Task 1. Review the default network

When a new project is created, a default network configuration provides each region with an auto subnet network. You can create up to four additional networks in a project. Additional networks can be auto subnet networks, custom subnet networks, or legacy networks.

Each instance created within a subnetwork is assigned an IPv4 address from that subnetwork range.

• Review your network. Click Navigation menu > VPC network.

Firewalls

for more information on how you can use firewall rules to isolate subnetworks, refer to subnetworks and firewall rules.

Each network has a default firewall that blocks all inbound traffic to instances. To allow traffic to come into an instance, you must create "allow" rules for the firewall. Additionally, the default firewall allows traffic from instances unless you configure it to block outbound connections using an "egress" firewall configuration. Therefore, by default you can create "allow" rules for traffic you wish to pass ingress, and "deny" rules for traffic you wish to restrict egress. You may also create a default-deny policy for egress and prohibit external connections entirely.

In general, it is recommended to configure the least permissive firewall rule that will support the kind of traffic you are trying to pass. For example, if you need to allow traffic to reach some instances, but restrict traffic from reaching others, create rules that allow traffic to the intended instances only. This more restrictive configuration is more predictable than a large firewall rule that allows traffic to all of the instances. If you want to have "deny" rules to override certain "allow" rules, you can set priority levels on each rule and the rule with the lowest numbered priority will be evaluated first. Creating large and complex sets of override rules can lead to allowing or blocking traffic that is not intended.

The default network has automatically created firewall rules, which are shown below. No manually created network of any type has automatically created firewall rules. For all networks except the default network, you must create any firewall rules you need.

The ingress firewall rules automatically created for the default network are as follows:

default-allow-internal	Allows network connections of any protocol and port between instances on the network.
default-allow-ssh	Allows SSH connections from any source to any instance on the network over TCP port 22.
default-allow-rdp	Allows RDP connections from any source to any instance on the network over TCP port 3389.
default-allow-icmp	Allows ICMP traffic from any source to any instance on the network.

• To review the default Firewall rules, in the Cloud console click Navigation menu > VPC network > Firewall.

Network route

All networks have routes created automatically to the Internet (default route) and to the IP ranges in the network. The route names are automatically generated and will look different for each project.

• To review default routes, click Navigation menu > VPC network > Routes > Select Network and Region to view Routes.

Task 2. Creating a custom network

When manually assigning subnetwork ranges, you first create a custom network, then create the subnets you want within a region. You do not have to specify subnetworks for all regions right away, or even at all, but you cannot create instances in regions that have no subnetwork defined.

When you create a new subnetwork, its name must be unique in that project for that region, even across networks. The same name can appear twice in a project as long as each one is in a different region. Because this is a subnetwork, there is no network-level IPv4 range or gateway IP, so none will be displayed.

You can either create your custom network with the console or with Cloud Shell. You'll be shown you both, but you have to decide which method to use while taking the lab. For example, you cannot go through a section using the instructions for the console, then go through the same section using gcloud command line.

To create a custom network:

1. Click Navigation menu > VPC network.

2. Click Create VPC Network and name it taw-custom-network.

3. On the Custom tab create:

   • Subnet name: subnet-
   • Region:
   • IP address range: 10.0.0.0/16

4. Click Done.

   

5. Now click Add Subnet and add 2 more subnets in their respective regions:

   • subnet-, , 10.1.0.0/16
   • subnet-, , 10.2.0.0/16

6. Click Create to finish.

At this point, the network has routes to the Internet and to any instances that you might create. But it has no firewall rules allowing access to instances, even from other instances. To allow access, you must create firewall rules.

Continue to the Adding firewall rules section.

Task 3. Adding firewall rules

To allow access to VM instances, you must apply firewall rules. For this lab, you will use an instance tag to apply the firewall rule to your VM instances. The firewall rule will apply to any VM using the same instance tag.

Note: Instance Tags are used by networks and firewalls to apply certain firewall rules to tagged VM instances. For example, if there are several instances that perform the same task, such as serving a large website, you can tag these instances with a shared word or term and then use that tag to allow HTTP access to those instances with a firewall rule.

Tags are also reflected in the metadata server, so you can use them for applications running on your instances.

• Start by opening the firewall to allow HTTP Internet requests, then you'll add more firewall rules.

Add firewall rules through the Console

1. In the Cloud console, navigate to VPC networks and click on the taw-custom-network:

2. Click the Firewalls tab, then Add Firewall rule.

3. Enter the following info:

Field	Value	Comments
Name	nw101-allow-http	New rule name
Targets	Specified target tags	Which instances to which the firewall rule applies.
Target tags	http	The tag we created
Source filter	IPv4 ranges	We will open the firewall for any IP address from the Internet.
Source IPv4 ranges	0.0.0.0/0	You will open the firewall for any IP address from the Internet.
Protocols and ports	Select Specified protocols and ports, then check the tcp box, and type 80	Only HTTP

Your screen will look like this:

4. Click Create and wait until the command succeeds. Next you'll create the additional firewall rules you'll need.

Create additional firewall rules

These additional firewall rules will allow ICMP, internal communication, SSH, and RDP. You can create them using the Console.

• ICMP

Field	Value	Comments
Name	nw101-allow-icmp	New rule name
Targets	Specified target tags	Select from the Targets dropdown
Target tags	rules	tag
Source filter	IPv4 ranges	We will open the firewall for any IP address on this list.
Source IPv4 ranges	0.0.0.0/0	We will open the firewall for any IP address from the Internet.
Protocols and ports	Select Specified protocols and ports, other protocols, then type icmp	The protocols and ports the firewall applies to

• Internal Communication

Field	Value	Comments
Name	nw101-allow-internal	New rule name
Targets	All instances in the network	Select from the Targets dropdown
Source filter	IPv4 ranges	The filter used to apply the rule to specific traffic sources
Source IPv4 ranges	10.0.0.0/16, 10.1.0.0/16, 10.2.0.0/16	We will open the firewall for any IP address from the Internet.
Protocols and ports	Select Specified protocols and ports, then tcp and type 0-65535; check udp type 0-65535; check Other protocols and type icmp	Allows Tcp:0-65535, udp:0-65535,icmp

• SSH

Field	Value	Comments
Name	nw101-allow-ssh	New rule name
Targets	Specified target tags	ssh
Target tags	ssh	The instances to which you apply the firewall rule
Source filter	IPv4 ranges	The filter used to apply the rule to specific traffic sources
Source IPv4 ranges	0.0.0.0/0	We will open the firewall for any IP address from the Internet.
Protocols and ports	Select Specified protocols and ports, check the tcp box, then type 22	Allows tcp:22

• RDP

Field	Value	Comments
Name	nw101-allow-rdp	New rule name
Targets	All instances in the network	Select from the Targets dropdown
Source filter	IPv4 ranges	Filter IP addresses
Source IPv4 ranges	0.0.0.0/0	We will open the firewall for any IP address from the Internet.
Protocols and ports	Select Specified protocols and ports, check the tcp, then type 3389	Allows tcp:3389

• Use the Console to review the firewall rules in your network. It should look like this:

Note: What about those Routes I see in the Network console?

Google Cloud Networking uses Routes to direct packets between subnetworks and to the Internet. Whenever a subnetwork is created (or pre-created) in your Network, routes are automatically created in each region to allow packets to route between subnetworks. These cannot be modified.

Additional Routes can be created to send traffic to an instance, a VPN gateway, or default internet gateway. These Routes can be modified to tailor the desired network architecture. Routes and Firewalls work together to ensure your traffic gets where it needs to go.

Click Check my progress to verify the objective.

Create a custom network, subnetworks and firewall rules.

End your lab

When you have completed your lab, click End Lab. Your account and the resources you've used are removed from the lab platform.

You will be given an opportunity to rate the lab experience. Select the applicable number of stars, type a comment, and then click Submit.

The number of stars indicates the following:

• 1 star = Very dissatisfied
• 2 stars = Dissatisfied
• 3 stars = Neutral
• 4 stars = Satisfied
• 5 stars = Very satisfied

You can close the dialog box if you don't want to provide feedback.

For feedback, suggestions, or corrections, please use the Support tab.

Congratulations

You have learned how default and user-created Networks are configured, how to add subnets, and apply firewall rules to control access.

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Manual last updated August 30, 2024

Lab last tested May 14, 2024

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